Set 3 - Answers

1)  Transformer & Amplifier

          Transformer changes parameters of same energy (as in case of lever: force & displacement).

     On the contrary, amplifier imposes pattern of a smaller energy source on a separate & bigger energy source.

     (This can be seen as, in case of unfurling sails catches huge wind energy as compared to the one required for unfurling. Similarly a Hydroelectric station can back out when load requirement goes down. Energy required for partially closing the inlets is miniscule. )

2)  Utilitarianism & Pragmatism

     Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which believes that net pleasure can be measured & aggregated for society & right action is one that increases it

    

     Pragmatism is a theory of knowledge which believes that every relevant fact statement is sub-part of prescriptive or recommendatory statement & validity of knowledge lies in fulfillment of the purpose of prescription or recommendation

           

 

3)  Behavior & Conduct

     When an external observer suspends his/her understanding of other as subject, the recorded observations amount to behavior of the incumbent actor.

   

     When the incumbent actor himself/herself controls his/her actions to fit in agreed norms he/she is conducting herself/himself, qua subject.

4)  Mercy & Forgiveness

     First depends upon compassion towards the wrong-doer.

    

     Second depends upon generosity & serenity of the forgiver.

5)  Fallacy & Absurdity

     Fallacy is pointing out a particular logical flaw.

    

     Absurdity is a feeling that life is such that only logical flaws are to be expected

6)  Despotism & Tyranny

     Despotism lies in arbitrariness in selection of the ruler.

    

     Tyranny consists of degree of cruelty of the ruler.

7)  Balutedari & Barter

     Barter is commodity exchange wherein the parties compare the value of goods that are being exchanged. Money however is not involved.

     Balutedari is not a commodity exchange. Goods are not being compared. It is a retainer-ship system amongst lineages independent of actual work requirement

8)  (Offense) Cognizable  & Non-Cognizable

.    When state can intervene or act, suo motu, against the offence even if there is no complainant the offense is termed as cognizable.

     On the contrary, non-cognizable offense does require a complainant to initiate action. (This has nothing to do with cognitive ability!)

9)  Voluntary & Spontaneous

     Spontaneous action emerges without deliberations or evaluations.

  

     Voluntary action, though not imposed by others, it is to some extent self-controlled & somewhat alienating the subjectivity of the actor.

10) Crop & Weed

     The difference is not botanical. The difference is economic. Any plant which is not intended as crop & considered to be taking share in the nourishment of crop is deemed as weed. For some extreme organic farming ideas, there might simply be no weed at all.